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Literature and Its Readership in the Changing World


 For the past half century, the world has been experiencing radical change in many aspects of human life at an unprecedented pace owing to globalization and new technological advancements, which have affected cultural life enormously throughout the world.
 In Korea, for example, we have seen a rapid rise and spread of popular culture, best represented in what has come to be known as Hallyu or the Korean Wave, which not only enjoys great popularity abroad but also has had an impact on the perception of Koreans in regard to their potential for cultural creativity. It could also be said that the status of literature as a representative expression of the cultural life of a nation has suffered on the whole in comparison to the rising reputation of popular performing arts, for it has come to be relegated to the narrower sphere of cultural entertainment.
 Another factor contributing to this change is the expanding global market, which would rather see literature packaged and sold as commercial goods for world-wide consumption. There have been other developments with ambiguous implications. Globalization has brought about the weakening of the idea of a nation/state based on ethnicity, blurring cultural boundaries, and enabling cultures to commingle and spawn ¡°hybrid cultures.¡± Technological advancements have given rise to a multimedia age, with opportunities for new genre experiments by fusing literature with other ways of creative expression.
 These developments could be taken either as expanding the domain of literary creation or as posing a threat to literature, traditionally relying on print media, which one might say has been knocked off its pedestal and forced to compete with new modes of communication, such as digital and visual media.
 The evolution of new forms of literary creation, the changing reader response, and the shifting position of literature in the cultural landscape of a nation create problems in our conception of literature, compelling us to ask what literature is and how it contributes to the cultural life of humanity. It poses problems for writers who are bound, even in their freedom and autonomy, to be aware of constraints brought on their creative work by these changes. Writers and publishers are forced to be aware of the book market expanding internationally. International readers cast their shadow on the horizon of literary production, both for the writers and publishers. Translation becomes an area of concern for all those who are committed to the meaning of literature in human culture. Would these factors make it necessary to compromise the mode of literary expression with the market and its fickle fluctuations in taste? Literature is bound to change its form in this multimedia age, it will have to grapple with forces of change generated by changing times, and writers are bound to agonize anew over problems arising in new times now moving ever faster.
 The 4th Seoul International Forum for Literature, to be held in Seoul in 2017, will invite writers and literary thinkers from around the world to discuss many compelling issues of the age with prominent Korean writers. We hope that this will become an important occasion to raise our awareness of what we perceive to be a crisis in the literary and cultural practice of humanity as has been worked out throughout human history. We believe your presence at the conference will greatly contribute to enhancing this awareness.