Svetlana ALEXIEVICH½ºº£Æ²¶ó³ª ¾Ë·º½Ã¿¹ºñÄ¡
Journalist and Non-fiction writer. Born in Ukraine in 1948. Alexievich traces the history of the Soviet and post-Soviet by using interviews to create a collage of a wide range of voices. She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature "for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time". She has received numerous international prizes, including the German Peace Prize and Prix Medicis essai. Her published works include War¡¯s Unwomanly Face (1985) and Voices from Chernobyl (1997). Her latest work is Secondhand Time: The Last of the Soviets (2013).
±âÀÚ, ³íÇÈ¼Ç ÀÛ°¡. 1948³â ¿ìÅ©¶óÀ̳ª Ãâ»ý. ÀÎÅͺ並 ÅëÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ ÄݶóÁÖ¸¦ º¹¿øÇÏ¿© ÀüÈÄ ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ÃßÀûÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¡°´Ù¼º(Òýá¢)Àû ÀÛǰ¼¼°è, ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ °íÅë°ú ¿ë±â¸¦ ´ãÀº ±â³äºñÀûÀÎ ±Û¾²±â¡±¸¦ ¼ºÃëÇØ³ÂÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ¿¡ 2015³â ³ëº§ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. µ¶ÀÏ ÆòÈ»ó, ¸ÞµðÄ¡ ¿¡¼¼ÀÌ»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÀüÀïÀº ¿©ÀÚÀÇ ¾ó±¼À» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¡»(1985), ¡ºÃ¼¸£³ëºôÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¡»(1997), ¡º¸¶Áö¸· ¸ñ°ÝÀڵ须(2013) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
±âÀÚ, ³íÇÈ¼Ç ÀÛ°¡. 1948³â ¿ìÅ©¶óÀ̳ª Ãâ»ý. ÀÎÅͺ並 ÅëÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ ÄݶóÁÖ¸¦ º¹¿øÇÏ¿© ÀüÈÄ ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ÃßÀûÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¡°´Ù¼º(Òýá¢)Àû ÀÛǰ¼¼°è, ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ °íÅë°ú ¿ë±â¸¦ ´ãÀº ±â³äºñÀûÀÎ ±Û¾²±â¡±¸¦ ¼ºÃëÇØ³ÂÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ¿¡ 2015³â ³ëº§ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. µ¶ÀÏ ÆòÈ»ó, ¸ÞµðÄ¡ ¿¡¼¼ÀÌ»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÀüÀïÀº ¿©ÀÚÀÇ ¾ó±¼À» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¡»(1985), ¡ºÃ¼¸£³ëºôÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¡»(1997), ¡º¸¶Áö¸· ¸ñ°ÝÀڵ须(2013) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
J.M.G. Le CLÉZIOÀå-¸¶¸® ±¸½ºÅ¸ºê ¸£ Ŭ·¹Áö¿À
Novelist. Born in France in 1940. Le Clezio is a living legend in the French literary world. In 2008, he won Nobel Prize in Literature for his life¡¯s work, as an "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization". He has received numerous international prizes including Prix Renaudot and Grand Prix Paul Morand. His published works include The Interrogation(1963), Fish of Gold(1997) and Hasardsuivi de Angoli Mala(1999). His latest work is Tempest(2015).
¼Ò¼³°¡. 1940³â ÇÁ¶û½º Ãâ»ý. ¡°»õ·Î¿î ½ÃÀÛ°ú ½ÃÀûÀÎ ¸ðÇè ¹× °¨°¢ÀûÀΠȲȦ°æÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϸç Áö¹èÇÏ´Â ¹®¸í ¾ÈÆÆÀ» ³Ñ¾î Àηù¾Ö¸¦ ŽÇèÇÏ´Â ÀÛ°¡¡±·Î 2008³â ³ëº§¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´°í, ÇÁ¶û½º ¹®ÇаèÀÇ »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â Àü¼³·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. ¸£µµ³ë»ó, Æú ¸ð¶û ´ë»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ù ¼Ò¼³ ¡ºÁ¶¼¡»(1963)¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© ¡ºÈ²±Ý ¹°°í±â¡»(1997), ¡º¿ì¿¬¡»(1999), ¡ºÆøÇ³¡»(2015)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¼Ò¼³°¡. 1940³â ÇÁ¶û½º Ãâ»ý. ¡°»õ·Î¿î ½ÃÀÛ°ú ½ÃÀûÀÎ ¸ðÇè ¹× °¨°¢ÀûÀΠȲȦ°æÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϸç Áö¹èÇÏ´Â ¹®¸í ¾ÈÆÆÀ» ³Ñ¾î Àηù¾Ö¸¦ ŽÇèÇÏ´Â ÀÛ°¡¡±·Î 2008³â ³ëº§¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´°í, ÇÁ¶û½º ¹®ÇаèÀÇ »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â Àü¼³·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. ¸£µµ³ë»ó, Æú ¸ð¶û ´ë»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ù ¼Ò¼³ ¡ºÁ¶¼¡»(1963)¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© ¡ºÈ²±Ý ¹°°í±â¡»(1997), ¡º¿ì¿¬¡»(1999), ¡ºÆøÇ³¡»(2015)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Antoine COMPAGNON¾ÓÅõ¿Ï ÄáÆÄ´¨
Born in Belgium in 1950.French literary scholar.Compagnon is Europe¡¯s leading intellectual of the 21st century. Since 2006, he has been a professor of Modern French Literature at the College de France, and the Blanche W. Knopf Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Columbia University. He is a fellow of the British Academy. His major works include Five Paradoxes of Modernity, Proust Between 2 Centuries, and The Anti-modernist, from Joseph de Maistre to Roland Barthes. His latest work is L¡¯Age des letters (2015).
Æò·Ð°¡. Àι®ÇÐÀÚ. 1950³â º§±â¿¡ Ãâ»ý. ¿µ±¹, Æ¢´ÏÁö, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶ú´Ù. ÆÄ¸® 4´ëÇÐ ¼Ò¸£º», ¹Ì±¹, ¿µ±¹ µî¿¡¼ °¡¸£Ãưí 2006³âºÎÅÍ´Â ÄÝ·¹ÁÖ µå ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼ ÇÁ¶û½º Çö´ë ¹®ÇÐ, Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ ´ëÇб³¿¡¼ ÇÁ¶û½º ¹®ÇÐ ¹× ºñ±³¹®ÇÐÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ·Ñ¶û ¹Ù¸£Æ®¸¦ ÀÕ´Â 21¼¼±â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ÇÁ¶û½º ¹®ÇкñÆò°¡·Î ²ÅÈ÷´Â ±×´Â ¸ùÅ×´º, º¸µé·¹¸£, ÇÁ·ç½ºÆ® µî¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®ÇÐ ÀÌ·Ð, ºñÆò»ç»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹®È»ç, ±³À°ÇÐ µî¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº Àú¼¸¦ ½è´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä Àú¼·Î ¡º¾ç ¼¼±â »çÀÌÀÇ ÇÁ·ç½ºÆ®¡»(1989), ¡º¸ð´õ´ÏƼÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ °³ ¿ª¼³¡»(1990), ¡º¹ÝÇö´ëÁÖÀÇÀÚµé, Á¶Á¦ÇÁ µå ¸Þ½ºÆ®¸£¿¡¼ ·Ñ¶û ¹Ù¸£Æ®±îÁö¡»(2005), ¡º¹®ÀÚÀÇ ½Ã´ë¡»(2015) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Æò·Ð°¡. Àι®ÇÐÀÚ. 1950³â º§±â¿¡ Ãâ»ý. ¿µ±¹, Æ¢´ÏÁö, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶ú´Ù. ÆÄ¸® 4´ëÇÐ ¼Ò¸£º», ¹Ì±¹, ¿µ±¹ µî¿¡¼ °¡¸£Ãưí 2006³âºÎÅÍ´Â ÄÝ·¹ÁÖ µå ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼ ÇÁ¶û½º Çö´ë ¹®ÇÐ, Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ ´ëÇб³¿¡¼ ÇÁ¶û½º ¹®ÇÐ ¹× ºñ±³¹®ÇÐÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ·Ñ¶û ¹Ù¸£Æ®¸¦ ÀÕ´Â 21¼¼±â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ÇÁ¶û½º ¹®ÇкñÆò°¡·Î ²ÅÈ÷´Â ±×´Â ¸ùÅ×´º, º¸µé·¹¸£, ÇÁ·ç½ºÆ® µî¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®ÇÐ ÀÌ·Ð, ºñÆò»ç»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹®È»ç, ±³À°ÇÐ µî¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº Àú¼¸¦ ½è´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä Àú¼·Î ¡º¾ç ¼¼±â »çÀÌÀÇ ÇÁ·ç½ºÆ®¡»(1989), ¡º¸ð´õ´ÏƼÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ °³ ¿ª¼³¡»(1990), ¡º¹ÝÇö´ëÁÖÀÇÀÚµé, Á¶Á¦ÇÁ µå ¸Þ½ºÆ®¸£¿¡¼ ·Ñ¶û ¹Ù¸£Æ®±îÁö¡»(2005), ¡º¹®ÀÚÀÇ ½Ã´ë¡»(2015) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Nuruddin FARAH´©¸£µò ÆÄ¶ó
Novelist and Playwright. Born in Somalia in 1945. Farah is considered one of the greatest contemporary writers in the world who pursues complex, elusive truths with rich imagination and refreshing use of his adopted language. He has received numerous international prizes, including Best Novel Award and Neustadt International Prize for Literature. His published works include his first novel From a Crooked Rib(1970), his trilogy Variations on the theme of an African Dictatorship, Maps(1986), Gifts(1993), Secrets(1998), his trilogy about the Somali civil war Links(2003), Knots(2007), and Crossbones(2011). His most recent novel is titled Hiding in Plain Sight(2015). Nuruddin Farah divides his time between Annandale-on-Hudson, where he teaches at Bard College in upstate New York and Cape Town, where he resides for much of the year.
¼Ò¼³°¡, ±ØÀÛ°¡. 1945³â ¼Ò¸»¸®¾Æ Ãâ»ý. ±×´Â äÅÃÇÑ ¾ð¾îÀÇ Âü½ÅÇÑ ¾î¹ý°ú dzºÎÇÑ »ó»ó·ÂÀ» µ¿¿øÇÏ¿© º¹ÇÕÀûÀ̰í ã±â ¾î·Á¿î Áø½ÇÀ» ÁÀ´Â Çö´ëÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ÀÛ°¡·Î ¼Õ²ÅÈù´Ù. Áü¹Ùºê¿þ ÃÖ°í¼Ò¼³»ó°ú ³ëÀ̽´Å¸Æ® ±¹Á¦¹®Çлó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡º±¸ºÎ·¯Áø °¥ºñ»À¿¡¼ From a Crooked Rib¡»(1970), ¡ºÁöµµ Maps¡»(1986), ¡º¼±¹° Gifts¡»(1993), ¡ººñ¹Ð Secrets¡»(1998), ¡º¿¬°á Links¡»(2004), ¡º¸Åµì Knots¡»(2008), ¡ºÇØÀû Crossbones¡»(2011), ¡ºµîÀÜ ¹ØÀÌ ¾îµÓ´Ù Hiding in Plain Sight¡»(2015) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¼Ò¼³°¡, ±ØÀÛ°¡. 1945³â ¼Ò¸»¸®¾Æ Ãâ»ý. ±×´Â äÅÃÇÑ ¾ð¾îÀÇ Âü½ÅÇÑ ¾î¹ý°ú dzºÎÇÑ »ó»ó·ÂÀ» µ¿¿øÇÏ¿© º¹ÇÕÀûÀ̰í ã±â ¾î·Á¿î Áø½ÇÀ» ÁÀ´Â Çö´ëÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ÀÛ°¡·Î ¼Õ²ÅÈù´Ù. Áü¹Ùºê¿þ ÃÖ°í¼Ò¼³»ó°ú ³ëÀ̽´Å¸Æ® ±¹Á¦¹®Çлó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡º±¸ºÎ·¯Áø °¥ºñ»À¿¡¼ From a Crooked Rib¡»(1970), ¡ºÁöµµ Maps¡»(1986), ¡º¼±¹° Gifts¡»(1993), ¡ººñ¹Ð Secrets¡»(1998), ¡º¿¬°á Links¡»(2004), ¡º¸Åµì Knots¡»(2008), ¡ºÇØÀû Crossbones¡»(2011), ¡ºµîÀÜ ¹ØÀÌ ¾îµÓ´Ù Hiding in Plain Sight¡»(2015) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Amitav GHOSH¾Æ¹ÌŸºê °í½¬
Novelist and Essayist. Born in India in 1956. Ghosh is one of India¡¯s best-known writers whose novels use anthropological and historical complex narrative strategies to probe the nature of national and personal identity. In 1990, his debut novel The Circle of Reason won Prix Medicis etranger. He has received numerous international prizes, including Sahitya Akademi Award and Dan David Prize. His published works include The Glass Palace(2000), and The Sea of Poppies(2008). His latest work is an essay The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable(2016).
¼Ò¼³°¡, ¼öÇʰ¡. 1956³â Àεµ Ãâ»ý. ÀηùÇÐÀûÀÌ°í ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¼»ç Àü·«À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±¹°¡Àû¡¤°³ÀÎÀû Á¤Ã¼¼ºÀÇ º»ÁúÀ» ޱ¸ÇÑ´Ù. 1990³â ù ¼Ò¼³ µ¥ºßÀÛÀÎ ¡ºÀ̼ºÀÇ µ¿±×¶ó¹Ì The Circle of Reason¡»(1986)·Î ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ Àú¸í ¹®Çлó Áß ÇϳªÀÎ ¸ÞµðÄ¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÛǰ»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´°í, ±× ¿Ü »çÈ÷Ƽ¾ß ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì»ó°ú ´íµ¥À̺ñµå »ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÀ¯¸®±ÃÀü The Glass Palace¡»(2000), ¡º¾ç±ÍºñÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù The Sea of Poppies¡»(2008), ¡º¼öÇÊ ´ë°øÈ² : ±âÈÄ º¯È¿Í »ó»óµµ ¸øÇÒ °Íµé The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable¡»(2016) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¼Ò¼³°¡, ¼öÇʰ¡. 1956³â Àεµ Ãâ»ý. ÀηùÇÐÀûÀÌ°í ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¼»ç Àü·«À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±¹°¡Àû¡¤°³ÀÎÀû Á¤Ã¼¼ºÀÇ º»ÁúÀ» ޱ¸ÇÑ´Ù. 1990³â ù ¼Ò¼³ µ¥ºßÀÛÀÎ ¡ºÀ̼ºÀÇ µ¿±×¶ó¹Ì The Circle of Reason¡»(1986)·Î ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ Àú¸í ¹®Çлó Áß ÇϳªÀÎ ¸ÞµðÄ¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÛǰ»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´°í, ±× ¿Ü »çÈ÷Ƽ¾ß ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì»ó°ú ´íµ¥À̺ñµå »ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÀ¯¸®±ÃÀü The Glass Palace¡»(2000), ¡º¾ç±ÍºñÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù The Sea of Poppies¡»(2008), ¡º¼öÇÊ ´ë°øÈ² : ±âÈÄ º¯È¿Í »ó»óµµ ¸øÇÒ °Íµé The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable¡»(2016) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
ùëÑÑ HA JinÇÏ Áø
Chinese-American Poet and novelist. Born in China in 1956. Ha Jin is a prominent maestro who explores the tension between the individual and the family, the modern and the traditional, and personal feelings and duty. In 1999, his novel Waiting won the National Book Award for Fiction and the PEN/Faulkner Award. He has received numerous international prizes, including Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction and Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award. His published works include Under the Red Flag(1997), and War Trash(2004). His latest work is The Boat Rocker(2016).
Áß±¹°è ¹Ì±¹ ¼Ò¼³°¡, ½ÃÀÎ. 1956³â Áß±¹ Ãâ»ý. °³Àΰú °¡Á·, Çö´ë¿Í ÀüÅë, »çÀû °¨Á¤°ú Àǹ« °£ ±äÀå°ü°è¸¦ ³õÄ¡Áö ¾Ê°í ¼¼úÇÏ´Â °ÅÀåÀ¸·Î Æò°¡¹Þ´Â´Ù. 1999³â¿¡ Ãâ°£µÈ ¡º±â´Ù¸² Waiting¡»(1999)À¸·Î ±×ÇØ Àü¹Ì µµ¼»ó°ú 2000³â Ææ Æ÷Å©³Ê ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× ¿Ü¿¡µµ Ç÷¡³Ê¸® ¿ÀÄÚ³Ê ´ÜÆí¼Ò¼³»ó Ææ/Çì¹Ö¿þÀÌ ¹®Çлó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ººÓÀº ±ê¹ß ¾Æ·¡ Under the Red Flag¡»(1997), ¡ºÀüÀï ¾²·¹±â War Trash¡»(2004), ¡ºº¸Æ® ·ÎÄ¿ The Boat Rocker¡»(2016) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Áß±¹°è ¹Ì±¹ ¼Ò¼³°¡, ½ÃÀÎ. 1956³â Áß±¹ Ãâ»ý. °³Àΰú °¡Á·, Çö´ë¿Í ÀüÅë, »çÀû °¨Á¤°ú Àǹ« °£ ±äÀå°ü°è¸¦ ³õÄ¡Áö ¾Ê°í ¼¼úÇÏ´Â °ÅÀåÀ¸·Î Æò°¡¹Þ´Â´Ù. 1999³â¿¡ Ãâ°£µÈ ¡º±â´Ù¸² Waiting¡»(1999)À¸·Î ±×ÇØ Àü¹Ì µµ¼»ó°ú 2000³â Ææ Æ÷Å©³Ê ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× ¿Ü¿¡µµ Ç÷¡³Ê¸® ¿ÀÄÚ³Ê ´ÜÆí¼Ò¼³»ó Ææ/Çì¹Ö¿þÀÌ ¹®Çлó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ººÓÀº ±ê¹ß ¾Æ·¡ Under the Red Flag¡»(1997), ¡ºÀüÀï ¾²·¹±â War Trash¡»(2004), ¡ºº¸Æ® ·ÎÄ¿ The Boat Rocker¡»(2016) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Robert HASS·Î¹öÆ® ÇϽº
Poet. Born in the U.S. in 1941, Robert Hass is one of contemporary American poetry¡¯s most celebrated and widely read voices. His poetry is acclaimed for its clarity of expression, its consciousness, and its imagery. He has received numerous prizes, including the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize. He served for two years as Poet Laureate of the United States and is a Distinguished Professor in English literature at the University of California, Berkeley. His books of poetry include Human Wishes(1989) and Sun Under Wood(1996). His latest work is A Little Book on Form: An Exploration Into the Formal Imagination of Poetry(2017).
½ÃÀÎ. 1941³â ¹Ì±¹ Ãâ»ý. Çö´ë ¹Ì±¹½Ã»ç¿¡¼ °¡Àå ³Î¸® ÀÐÈ÷´Â ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ °¡Áø ½ÃÀÎÀÌ´Ù. Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ¸í·áÇÔ°ú ÀÚ±âÀÇ½Ä ±×¸®°í »ó»ó·ÂÀÌ µ¸º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ½ÃÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ´Ù. Àü¹Ìµµ¼»ó°ú ǽ¸®Ã³»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇß´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ °è°ü½ÃÀÎÀ¸·Î 2³â°£ Ȱµ¿ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ÇöÀç ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ¹öŬ¸®´ë ¼®Á±³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ½ÃÁýÀ¸·Î ¡ºÀΰ£ÀÇ ¼Ò¸Á Human Wishes¡»(1989), ¡º³ª¹« ¾Æ·¡ žç Sun Under Wood¡»(1996), ¡ºÇü½Ä¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÛÀº Ã¥ : ½ÃÀÇ Çü½ÄÀû »ó»ó·ÂÀ¸·ÎÀÇ Å½Çè A Little Book on Form: An Exploration Into the Formal Imagination of Poetry¡»(2017) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
½ÃÀÎ. 1941³â ¹Ì±¹ Ãâ»ý. Çö´ë ¹Ì±¹½Ã»ç¿¡¼ °¡Àå ³Î¸® ÀÐÈ÷´Â ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ °¡Áø ½ÃÀÎÀÌ´Ù. Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ¸í·áÇÔ°ú ÀÚ±âÀÇ½Ä ±×¸®°í »ó»ó·ÂÀÌ µ¸º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ½ÃÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ´Ù. Àü¹Ìµµ¼»ó°ú ǽ¸®Ã³»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇß´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ °è°ü½ÃÀÎÀ¸·Î 2³â°£ Ȱµ¿ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ÇöÀç ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ¹öŬ¸®´ë ¼®Á±³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ½ÃÁýÀ¸·Î ¡ºÀΰ£ÀÇ ¼Ò¸Á Human Wishes¡»(1989), ¡º³ª¹« ¾Æ·¡ žç Sun Under Wood¡»(1996), ¡ºÇü½Ä¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÛÀº Ã¥ : ½ÃÀÇ Çü½ÄÀû »ó»ó·ÂÀ¸·ÎÀÇ Å½Çè A Little Book on Form: An Exploration Into the Formal Imagination of Poetry¡»(2017) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
øÁå¯ÌöìéÕÍ HIRANO KeiichirŌÈ÷¶ó³ë °ÔÀÌÄ¡·Î
Novelist. Born in 1975 in Japan. Hirano published his first novel in 1998 and won the Akutagawa Prize the next year as one of the youngest winners ever at the age of 23. For Hirano¡¯s use of elegant, classical language and profound knowledge of European history, He is often called as "next Yukio Mishima". He has received Education, Science and Technology Ministers Art Encouragement Prize and Prix Deux Magots Bunkamura. His works include L'Eclipse, The Only Form of Love(2008), and Dawn(2009). His latest work is At the End of the Matinee(2016).
¼Ò¼³°¡. 1975³â ÀϺ» Ãâ»ý. 1998³â µî´Ü ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ÇØÀÎ 23¼¼¿¡ ¡ºÀϽġ»À¸·Î ¾ÆÄퟰ¡¿Í»óÀ» ÃÖ¿¬¼Ò·Î ¼ö»óÇÏ¸é¼ ÀϺ» ¹®Çа迡 ÀÚ¸®¸Å±èÇÑ´Ù. À¯·ÁÇÏ°í °íÀüÀûÀÎ ¾ð¾î¿Í ¹®Àå, À¯·´¿ª»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ¹ÚÇÑ Áö½ÄÀº ¡®¹Ì½Ã¸¶ À¯Å°¿ÀÀÇ Àç·¡¡¯¶ó´Â ¹®´ÜÀÇ È£ÆòÀ» À̲ø¾î ³Â´Ù. ¿¹¼ú¼±Àå ¹®ºÎ°úÇдë½Å ½ÅÀλó°ú ºÐÄ«Äí¶ó µÎ¸¶°í»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÀϽġ»(1998) ¡ºDAWN¡»(2009), ¡º¸¶Æ¼³×ÀÇ ³¡¿¡¼¡»(2016) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¼Ò¼³°¡. 1975³â ÀϺ» Ãâ»ý. 1998³â µî´Ü ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ÇØÀÎ 23¼¼¿¡ ¡ºÀϽġ»À¸·Î ¾ÆÄퟰ¡¿Í»óÀ» ÃÖ¿¬¼Ò·Î ¼ö»óÇÏ¸é¼ ÀϺ» ¹®Çа迡 ÀÚ¸®¸Å±èÇÑ´Ù. À¯·ÁÇÏ°í °íÀüÀûÀÎ ¾ð¾î¿Í ¹®Àå, À¯·´¿ª»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ¹ÚÇÑ Áö½ÄÀº ¡®¹Ì½Ã¸¶ À¯Å°¿ÀÀÇ Àç·¡¡¯¶ó´Â ¹®´ÜÀÇ È£ÆòÀ» À̲ø¾î ³Â´Ù. ¿¹¼ú¼±Àå ¹®ºÎ°úÇдë½Å ½ÅÀλó°ú ºÐÄ«Äí¶ó µÎ¸¶°í»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÀϽġ»(1998) ¡ºDAWN¡»(2009), ¡º¸¶Æ¼³×ÀÇ ³¡¿¡¼¡»(2016) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Nora Okja KELLER³ë¶ó ¿ÁÀÚ ÄÌ·¯
Korean-American author, scholar. Born in Korea in 1965. She has deeply explored complex ethnic identity and multi-generational trauma resulting from Korean women¡¯s experiences as sex slaves in her lyrical and haunting novels. Her breakthrough work of fiction Comfort Woman won the American Book Award and Elliot Cades Award, and in 2003 she won the Hawai¡¯i Award for Literature. Her published works include Comfort Woman(1997) and Fox Girl(2002).
Çѱ¹°è ¹Ì±¹ ¼Ò¼³°¡, ÇÐÀÚ. 1965³â Çѱ¹ Ãâ»ý. ÄÌ·¯´Â ¼º³ë¿¹¿´´ø Çѱ¹¿©¼ºÀÇ »îÀÌ ¾ß±âÇÑ ¼¼´ëÀû Æ®¶ó¿ì¸¶¿Í ¹ÎÁ· Á¤Ã¼¼ºÀ» ±×³à¸¸ÀÇ ¼Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¼³µé·Î Ç®¾î³½´Ù. Çý¼ºÃ³·³ µîÀåÇÑ ÄÌ·¯ÀÇ ¼Ò¼³ ¡ºÁ¾±ºÀ§¾ÈºÎ¡»´Â Àü¹Ìµµ¼»ó°ú ¿¤¸®¾ù ÄÉÀÌÁî»óÀ» ÈÛ¾µ¾ú°í 2003³â ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ ¹®Çлó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÁ¾±ºÀ§¾ÈºÎ Comfort Woman¡»(1997)¿Í ¡º¿©¿ì¼Ò³à Fox Girl¡»(2002) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Çѱ¹°è ¹Ì±¹ ¼Ò¼³°¡, ÇÐÀÚ. 1965³â Çѱ¹ Ãâ»ý. ÄÌ·¯´Â ¼º³ë¿¹¿´´ø Çѱ¹¿©¼ºÀÇ »îÀÌ ¾ß±âÇÑ ¼¼´ëÀû Æ®¶ó¿ì¸¶¿Í ¹ÎÁ· Á¤Ã¼¼ºÀ» ±×³à¸¸ÀÇ ¼Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¼³µé·Î Ç®¾î³½´Ù. Çý¼ºÃ³·³ µîÀåÇÑ ÄÌ·¯ÀÇ ¼Ò¼³ ¡ºÁ¾±ºÀ§¾ÈºÎ¡»´Â Àü¹Ìµµ¼»ó°ú ¿¤¸®¾ù ÄÉÀÌÁî»óÀ» ÈÛ¾µ¾ú°í 2003³â ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ ¹®Çлó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÁ¾±ºÀ§¾ÈºÎ Comfort Woman¡»(1997)¿Í ¡º¿©¿ì¼Ò³à Fox Girl¡»(2002) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Omar PÉREZ LÓPEZ¿À¸¶¸£ Æä·¹Áî ·ÎÆäÁî
Poet, Musician, Translator. Born in Cuba in 1964. Perez composes poems that engage languages, Zen, political and cultural transcendence, with intense interests in the ways in which poetry overlays experience. He has received Cuba¡¯s Nicolas Guillen Prize for Poetry and National Critics¡¯ Prize. His published works include poetry collections Something of the Sacred(1996), and Canciones y Letanias(2002). His latest work is Lingua Franca(2009).
½ÃÀÎ, À½¾Ç°¡, ¹ø¿ª°¡. 1964³â Äí¹Ù Ãâ»ý. ½ÃÀû°æÇè¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Á¤À» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¾ð¾î, ¼±(?), Á¤Ä¡Àû ¹®ÈÀû ÃÊ¿ùÀ» ޱ¸ÇÏ´Â ¿¹¼ú°¡·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÏÄÝ¶ó½º ±â¿º ¹®Çлó, Äí¹ÙºñÆò°¡»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ½ÃÁýÀ¸·Î ¡º½Å¼ºÇÑ ¾î¶² °Í¡»(1996), ¡ºÄ½Ã¿Â°ú ·¹Å¸´Ï¾Æ¡»(2002) µî°ú ÁÖ¿ä Àú¼·Î ¡º¸µ±¸¾Æ ÇÁ¶ûÄ«¡»(2009) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
½ÃÀÎ, À½¾Ç°¡, ¹ø¿ª°¡. 1964³â Äí¹Ù Ãâ»ý. ½ÃÀû°æÇè¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Á¤À» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¾ð¾î, ¼±(?), Á¤Ä¡Àû ¹®ÈÀû ÃÊ¿ùÀ» ޱ¸ÇÏ´Â ¿¹¼ú°¡·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÏÄÝ¶ó½º ±â¿º ¹®Çлó, Äí¹ÙºñÆò°¡»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ½ÃÁýÀ¸·Î ¡º½Å¼ºÇÑ ¾î¶² °Í¡»(1996), ¡ºÄ½Ã¿Â°ú ·¹Å¸´Ï¾Æ¡»(2002) µî°ú ÁÖ¿ä Àú¼·Î ¡º¸µ±¸¾Æ ÇÁ¶ûÄ«¡»(2009) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Stuart MOULTHROP½ºÆ©¾îÆ® ¸ô½º·Ó
Practitioner, theorist, and historian of digital literature. Born in 1957 in United States. The novelist Robert Coover included Moulthrop¡¯s hypertext fiction Victory Garden in the "golden age" of electronic writing. He received numerous national and international prizes including the Douglas Engelbart Award for Best Paper from the Association for Computing Machinery, the Ciutat de Vinaros Prize for Electronic Poetry and Ciutat de Vinaros Prize for Electronic Narrative. His published works include Hegirascope(1995) and Reagan Library(1999), as well as the forthcoming critical study Traversals: The Use of Preservation for Electronic Literature. His latest work of fiction is End of the White Subway(2017).
ÀüÀÚ¼Ò¼³ ÀÛ°¡, À̷а¡. 1957³â ¹Ì±¹ Ãâ»ý. ÇÏÀÌÆÛÅØ½ºÆ® ¼Ò¼³ ¡ººòÅ丮 °¡µç Victory Garden¡»Àº ƯÈ÷ ÀüÀÚ ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ È²±Ý±â¸¦ Àå½ÄÇÏ´Â ´ëÇ¥Àû ¼Ò¼³·Î ²ÅÈù´Ù. °è»ê±â°èÇùȸ¿¡¼ ÃÖ°í ³í¹®¿¡ ¼ö¿©ÇÏ´Â ´õ±Û¶ó½º ¿¨°Ö¹ÙÆ®»ó°ú ½Ã¿ìŸƮ ºñ³ª·Î½º ÀüÀÚ½Ã¿Í ÀüÀÚ³»·¯Æ¼ºê»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®Çлó ¹× ³í¹®»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÇìÁö¶ó½ºÄÚÇÁ Hegirascope¡»(1995), ¡º·¹ÀÌ°Ç µµ¼°ü Reagan Library¡»(1999)°ú ÁÖ¿ä Àú¼·Î ¡ºÈ¾´ÜÇϱâ: ÀüÀÚ¹®ÇÐ º¸Á¸ÀÇ ¿ëµµ Traversals: The Use of Preservation for Electronic Literature¡», ¡ºÇϾá ÁöÇÏöÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· End of the White Subway¡»(2017) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀüÀÚ¼Ò¼³ ÀÛ°¡, À̷а¡. 1957³â ¹Ì±¹ Ãâ»ý. ÇÏÀÌÆÛÅØ½ºÆ® ¼Ò¼³ ¡ººòÅ丮 °¡µç Victory Garden¡»Àº ƯÈ÷ ÀüÀÚ ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ È²±Ý±â¸¦ Àå½ÄÇÏ´Â ´ëÇ¥Àû ¼Ò¼³·Î ²ÅÈù´Ù. °è»ê±â°èÇùȸ¿¡¼ ÃÖ°í ³í¹®¿¡ ¼ö¿©ÇÏ´Â ´õ±Û¶ó½º ¿¨°Ö¹ÙÆ®»ó°ú ½Ã¿ìŸƮ ºñ³ª·Î½º ÀüÀÚ½Ã¿Í ÀüÀÚ³»·¯Æ¼ºê»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®Çлó ¹× ³í¹®»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÇìÁö¶ó½ºÄÚÇÁ Hegirascope¡»(1995), ¡º·¹ÀÌ°Ç µµ¼°ü Reagan Library¡»(1999)°ú ÁÖ¿ä Àú¼·Î ¡ºÈ¾´ÜÇϱâ: ÀüÀÚ¹®ÇÐ º¸Á¸ÀÇ ¿ëµµ Traversals: The Use of Preservation for Electronic Literature¡», ¡ºÇϾá ÁöÇÏöÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· End of the White Subway¡»(2017) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Ben OKRIº¥ ¿ÀÅ©¸®
Born in Nigeria in 1959, poet and novelist, is unquestionably one of the leading exponents of modern and Post-Colonial African literary traditions. He is a highly acclaimed international writer with post-modern ideas of storytelling. His work obeys a kind of dream-logic and is preoccupied with the philosophical conundrum: what is reality. He has invented a new form of fiction called the 'Stoku'. His novel The Famished Road won the Man Booker Prize for Fiction. He has received numerous international prizes, including the Aga Khan Prize for Fiction, the Premio Palmi, and the Crystal Award from the World Economic Forum. His published work include Dangerous Love(1996), and Starbook(2007). His latest book is The Age of Magic(2014). His work is translated into 26 languages.
³ªÀÌÁö¸®¾Æ Ãâ½Å ¿µ±¹ ¼Ò¼³°¡, ½ÃÀÎ. 1959³â ³ªÀÌÁö¸®¾Æ Ãâ»ý. ³ªÀÌÁö¸®¾Æ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛ°¡·Î ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ »çȸ Á¤Ä¡Àû »óȲ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Àå ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â ¸ñ¼Ò¸®·Î ²ÅÈù´Ù. 1991³â ¡º±¾ÁÖ¸° ±æ The Famished Road¡»·Î ºÎÄ¿»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇßÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¾Æ°¡Ä»ó, ÇÁ·¹¹Ì¿À ÆÈ¹Ì»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®Çлó°ú ¿µ±¹ ÈÆÀåÀ» ¼ö¿©¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä Àú¼·Î ¡ºÀ§ÇèÇÑ »ç¶û Dangerous Love¡»(1996), ¡ºº°ÀÇ Ã¥ Starbook¡»(2007), ¡º¸¶¹ýÀÇ ½Ã´ë The Age of Magic¡»(2014) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
³ªÀÌÁö¸®¾Æ Ãâ½Å ¿µ±¹ ¼Ò¼³°¡, ½ÃÀÎ. 1959³â ³ªÀÌÁö¸®¾Æ Ãâ»ý. ³ªÀÌÁö¸®¾Æ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛ°¡·Î ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ »çȸ Á¤Ä¡Àû »óȲ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Àå ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â ¸ñ¼Ò¸®·Î ²ÅÈù´Ù. 1991³â ¡º±¾ÁÖ¸° ±æ The Famished Road¡»·Î ºÎÄ¿»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇßÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¾Æ°¡Ä»ó, ÇÁ·¹¹Ì¿À ÆÈ¹Ì»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹®Çлó°ú ¿µ±¹ ÈÆÀåÀ» ¼ö¿©¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä Àú¼·Î ¡ºÀ§ÇèÇÑ »ç¶û Dangerous Love¡»(1996), ¡ºº°ÀÇ Ã¥ Starbook¡»(2007), ¡º¸¶¹ýÀÇ ½Ã´ë The Age of Magic¡»(2014) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Jan Costin WAGNER¾á ÄÚ½ºÆ¾ ¹Ù±×³Ê
rime fiction writer. Born in Germany in 1972. Wagner is considered the most astonishing young writer which contemporary German literature has found. In 2002, his first novel Night Trip won the Marlowe Prize for Best Crime Novel. His 2007 novel The Silence was adapted into the 2010 film of the same name, which received several awards. His published works include Ice Moon(2003), Silence(2007), The Winter of the Lions(2009). His latest work is Light in a Dark House(2013).
Ã߸®¼Ò¼³°¡. 1972³â µ¶ÀÏ Ãâ»ý. ¹Ù±×³Ê´Â Çö´ë µ¶ÀϹ®ÇÐÀÌ ¹ß°ßÇÑ °¡Àå °æÀ̷οî ÀþÀº ÀÛ°¡·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. 2002³â ±×ÀÇ Ã¹ ¼Ò¼³ ¡º¾ß°£ ¿©Çà¡»Àº ¸¶¸¦·Îº£ ÃÖ°í Ã߸®¼Ò¼³»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇßÀ¸¸ç, 2007³â Ãâ°£ÇÑ ¡º¸¶Áö¸· ħ¹¬¡»Àº 2010³â ¿µÈ·Îµµ ¿Å°ÜÁ® ´Ù¼öÀÇ »óÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ¼Ò¼³·Î ¡ºÂ÷°¡¿î ´Þ¡»(2003), ¡º¸¶Áö¸· ħ¹¬¡»(2007), ¡º»çÀÚÀÇ °Ü¿ï¡»(2009), ¡º¾îµÎ¿î Áý ¾ÈÀÇ ºÒºû¡»(2013) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Ã߸®¼Ò¼³°¡. 1972³â µ¶ÀÏ Ãâ»ý. ¹Ù±×³Ê´Â Çö´ë µ¶ÀϹ®ÇÐÀÌ ¹ß°ßÇÑ °¡Àå °æÀ̷οî ÀþÀº ÀÛ°¡·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. 2002³â ±×ÀÇ Ã¹ ¼Ò¼³ ¡º¾ß°£ ¿©Çà¡»Àº ¸¶¸¦·Îº£ ÃÖ°í Ã߸®¼Ò¼³»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇßÀ¸¸ç, 2007³â Ãâ°£ÇÑ ¡º¸¶Áö¸· ħ¹¬¡»Àº 2010³â ¿µÈ·Îµµ ¿Å°ÜÁ® ´Ù¼öÀÇ »óÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ¼Ò¼³·Î ¡ºÂ÷°¡¿î ´Þ¡»(2003), ¡º¸¶Áö¸· ħ¹¬¡»(2007), ¡º»çÀÚÀÇ °Ü¿ï¡»(2009), ¡º¾îµÎ¿î Áý ¾ÈÀÇ ºÒºû¡»(2013) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
åù华 YU HuaÀ§ È
Born in China in 1960. Novelist. Yu Hua is one of China¡¯s best-known writers representing modern Chinese literature. He is the recipient of numerous international awards, including James Joyce Award, Premio Grinzane Cavour and the French Prix Courrier International. In 2004 he was made a Chevalier de l¡¯Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government. His published works include To Live(1992), Chronicle of a Blood Merchant(1995) and Brothers(2005). His latest work is Seventh Day(2013).
¼Ò¼³°¡. 1960³â Áß±¹ Ãâ»ý. À§È´Â Áß±¹Çö´ë¹®ÇÐÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ°¡·Î ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Á¦ÀÓ½º Á¶À̽º »ó, ±×¸°Â÷³× Ä«º¸¿ì¸£»ó, ÇÁ¶û½º ±¹Á¦»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ±¹Á¦¹®Çлó°ú ÇÁ¶û½º ¹®Çп¹¼ú ÈÆÀåÀ» 2004³â ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÀλý¡»(1992), ¡ºÇã»ï°ü ¸ÅÇ÷±â¡»(1995), ¡ºÇüÁ¦¡»(2005), ¡ºÁ¦7ÀÏ¡»(2013) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¼Ò¼³°¡. 1960³â Áß±¹ Ãâ»ý. À§È´Â Áß±¹Çö´ë¹®ÇÐÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ°¡·Î ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Á¦ÀÓ½º Á¶À̽º »ó, ±×¸°Â÷³× Ä«º¸¿ì¸£»ó, ÇÁ¶û½º ±¹Á¦»ó µî ´Ù¼öÀÇ ±¹Á¦¹®Çлó°ú ÇÁ¶û½º ¹®Çп¹¼ú ÈÆÀåÀ» 2004³â ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛǰÀ¸·Î ¡ºÀλý¡»(1992), ¡ºÇã»ï°ü ¸ÅÇ÷±â¡»(1995), ¡ºÇüÁ¦¡»(2005), ¡ºÁ¦7ÀÏ¡»(2013) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.